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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 76(1/2): e20-e24, ene.-feb. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-172426

RESUMO

Introducción: Las masas pulmonares congénitas (MPC) presentan una incidencia de 27-33/100.000 habitantes. El diagnóstico varía en función de la sintomatología, la localización y la magnitud de la lesión. La causa más frecuente de MPC son las alteraciones del desa-rrollo de la vía respiratoria, pero en las que no cumplan las características radiológicas debe considerarse el hemangioma pulmonar. Caso clínico: Neonato con hemangioma capilar pulmonar congénito. Se revisan los casos de hemangiomas pulmonares en menores de 1 año publicados en la literatura hasta 2015. Resultados: Se identificaron 6 casos. La sintomatología más frecuente fue la dificultad respiratoria. En todos los casos se realizó una tomografía computarizada pulmonar, que mostraba una masa isodensa en 5 de los 6 casos. Un caso fue estudiado mediante resonancia magnética (RM) con isoseñal al músculo en T1, e hiperintensa en T2. Se procedió a una exéresis quirúrgica en 5 de los 6 casos, el restante recibió tratamiento con propranolol con buen resultado. Conclusiones: Los hemangiomas intratorácicos son inusuales y suelen presentarse como una masa sólida única isodensa en la radiografía. En la ecografía se observan como áreas heterogéneas con vasos visibles y calcificaciones. Consideramos la RM con gadolinio la prueba estándar de referencia para el estudio de las MPC. Los hemangiomas congénitos (HC) se presentan en la RM como masas bien delimitadas hiperintensas en T2, isointensas en T1 y con realce tras gadolinio. La evolución de los HC es impredecible y pueden presentar una resolución completa. El tratamiento debe estar supeditado a la clínica del paciente, y podría considerarse añadir propranolol a las opciones quirúrgicas, aunque es necesaria la comunicación de nuevos casos para valorar su eficacia. Si se procede a la exéresis, el estudio histopatológico con positividad para marcadores CD31 y CD34 y negatividad para GLUT-1 confirmará el diagnóstico (AU)


Introduction: Congenital pulmonary masses (CPM) have an incidence of 27-33/100,000. Timing of diagnosis depends on the sym-ptoms, location and size of the lesion. The most commonly cause are developmental abnormalities of the pulmonary airways and vasculature, but pulmonary hemangioma can occur as a single asymptomatic solid mass. Case report: A case of MPC is presented with a final diagnosis of congenital pulmonary capillary hemangioma. Pulmonary heman-giomas in infants published in English literature until 2015 are reviewed and analyzed. Results: 6 cases were identified. The most common symptoms were respiratory distress. Study was conducted with lung CT in all cases showing a mass isodense. 1 case was studied by MRI; it showed hyperintensity in T2 sequences and isointense to muscle on T1. Surgical resection was the treatment in 5 of the 6 cases; one was treated with propranolol being successful. Conclusions: Intrathoracic hemagiomas are unusual, and usually present as a single solid isodense mass on radiography. In ul-trasound they are heterogeneous with visible vessels and calcifications. We consider gadolinium MRI gold standard for the study of CPM. Congenital hemagiomas in MRI show hyperintensity on T2 sequences and gadolinium enhancement. They can resolve sponta-neously, therefore the management should be subject to the patient's clinical and propranolol should be considered in addition to surgical options. If excision is necessary histopathologic findings with positivity for endothelial markers such as CD31, CD34 and nega-tivity for GLUT-1, will confirm our diagnosis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Hemangioma Capilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemangioma Capilar/cirurgia , Proteínas Facilitadoras de Transporte de Glucose/análise , Radiografia Torácica , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão/métodos , Propranolol/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia
2.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 70(2): 56-62, mar.-abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-125271

RESUMO

El presente documento representa un resumen del a organización actual del Servicio de Neonatología (SN). En primer lugar se describe la misión, visión y los valores del mismo, se sigue de una reseña estructural y de la cartera de Servicios. A Continuación se describe la actividad asistencial del paciente ingresado en planta de hospitalización obstétrica y neonatal y su seguimiento ambulatorio en el área de consultas externas. Seguidamente, se expondrá la actividad docente de grado, la formación especializada en Pediatría y la formación continuada. Se comentan las inquietudes en proyectos de investigación y las estrategias de mejora de la calidad del servicio fomentando el plan de humanización del SN centrándose en los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo y la familia. Para finalizar cabe resaltar los objetivos asistenciales, docentes y de investigación actuales de mayor relevancia (AU)


This document represents a summary of the current Neonatology Service (NS) of the University Hospital La Fe de Valencia. In the first place, the mission, vision and values will e described followed by a structural review and all the services that the Hospital provides. Moreover, it will be explained the medical attendance towards patients in obstetric and neonatal hospitalization and its subsequent follow-up out patient clinic. Subsequently, teaching degree, specialized formation in Pediatric and continuing education training will be exposed. Concerns in research projects and strategies to improve the quality of the service in promoting the humanization of NS and focusing on Centered Care and Family Development are described. Finally it is worth emphasizing the attendance, teaching and research objectives (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Serviços de Saúde da Criança/organização & administração , Modelos Organizacionais , Atenção à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde
5.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 67(7): 325-329, jul. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-76954

RESUMO

Introducción: La trombopenia neonatal aloinmune (TNAI) es la causa más frecuente de trombopenia grave, aislada y precoz en el recién nacido sano. Es el resultado de la aloinmunización materna frente a antígenos plaquetarios humanos (HPA) del feto. El mecanismo fisiopatológico todavía es poco conocido. El paso de anticuerpos se produce en etapas tempranas de la gestación con consecuencias graves, como la hemorragia intracraneal. Casos clínicos: Se presentan dos casos de hemorragia intracraneal intraútero secundarios a TNAI. El primero de ellos seinicia con una gran hemorragia intraparenquimatosa, y requiere una única transfusión de donante aleatorio para remontar la cifra de plaquetas. El segundo se presenta con una hemorragia intraventricular y se trata con transfusiones seriadas de plaquetasHPA-1a negativas e inmunoglobulina intravenosa. Discusión y conclusiones: La TNAI se presenta generalmente como una trombopenia aislada y grave en el recién nacido. Eldiagnóstico es de exclusión y se confirma mediante la detección de anticuerpos antiplaquetarios en la madre. Dada la gravedad de las consecuencias, ante la sospecha de TNAI, deben realizarse de inmediato transfusiones de plaquetas, preferentemente de las compatibles, para evitar hemorragias. El riesgo de recurrencia en futuras gestaciones es muy elevado, por lo que se debe establecer un protocolo de manejo de éstas. El reto de futuro es el establecimiento de un cribado antenatal, como ya se hace con la isoinmunización Rh (AU)


Introduction: The neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is the commonest cause of early isolated severe thrombocytopenia in the healthy newborn. It’s the result of maternal alloimmunization against fetal platelet antigens. However, the pathophysiologic mechanism is not well known yet. Alloantibodies cross the placenta in early stages of pregnancy provoking serious complications in the newborn such as intracranial hemorrhage. Case report: We present two cases of in utero intracranial hemorrhage caused by TNAI. In one of them a large intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) was the first clinical symptom, how everhe recovered platelet count with just one transfusion of an aleatory donor, not needing further treatment. The second one exhibited at first an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and was treated with serial transfusions of HPA-1a negative platelets and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).Discussion and conclusions: The NAIT appears commonly as an isolated and severe thrombocytopenia in the newborn period. The diagnosis is made after excluding other causes of neonatal thrombocytopenia, and is confirmed proving the presence of maternal antiplatelet alloantibodies. Due to the severity of its consequences, when confronted with the suspicion of TNAI, a platelet transfusion should to be performed immediately preferably with negative antigen platelets to avoid bleeding. Since there is a high risk of recurrence in following gestations the availability of an established protocol is recommended. The future challenge is the establishment of antenatal screening programs similar to that performed in Rh isoimmunization (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Trombocitopenia Neonatal Aloimune , Trombocitopenia Neonatal Aloimune/diagnóstico , Trombocitopenia Neonatal Aloimune/fisiopatologia , Trombocitopenia Neonatal Aloimune/etiologia , Trombocitopenia Neonatal Aloimune/terapia , Trombocitopenia , Hemorragias Intracranianas , Hemorragias Intracranianas/epidemiologia , Hemorragias Intracranianas/etiologia , Hemorragias Intracranianas/mortalidade , Transfusão de Plaquetas , Recém-Nascido
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 67(4): 301-8, 2007 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17949639

RESUMO

Research is an essential activity in neonatology. Following the recommendation of the Spanish Neonatal Society (SEN), a questionnaire on the state of research activity was sent to all Spanish neonatal divisions belonging to all public and private institutions with structured neonatal activity. The following items were included: (i) clinical level of the units; (ii) academic degrees and professional qualifications of the staff members; (iii) characteristics of the scientific activity performed, and (iv) financial and technical aid supporting research. Of a total of 115 eligible hospitals, 86 hospitals (74.8 %), including most of the referral centers, participated in the survey. Notable among the positive results were the findings that a significant number of neonatologists have doctoral degrees (17.4 %), are active members of the SEN (74.9 %), and wish to participate in scientific research (100 %). In addition, the presence of epidemiologists (100 %), research support units (85 %) and ethical committees (93 %) in the hospitals is widespread. Negative aspects include the lack of a specific budget to initiate research (74 %), lack of protected time even with research grants (86 %), and lack of interrelation with other groups of basic or clinical researchers (43 %). Analysis of scientific production revealed that most of the abstracts presented are restricted to Spanish national meetings, and only a small number of consolidated groups publish regularly in peer-reviewed international journals with impact factor. Measures that could help to improve the current situation are the formation of multi-hospital groups, participation in comprehensive databases (SEN 1500), and joint meetings for basic and clinical scientists, among others. The results of this survey were presented at the Congress of Perinatal Medicine held in Las Palmas (November, 2005).


Assuntos
Neonatologia/história , Neonatologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisa/organização & administração , Ciência , Inquéritos e Questionários , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Pesquisa/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha/epidemiologia
7.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 67(4): 301-308, oct. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056405

RESUMO

La investigación es una actividad fundamental en la neonatología. A propuesta de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología (SEN) se ha realizado una encuesta para conocer el estado de la investigación en los centros públicos y privados con una actividad neonatal estructurada. Se han incluido los siguientes apartados: a) nivel asistencial del centro hospitalario; b) nivel profesional del personal adscrito; c) características de la producción científica realizada, y d) estructura de apoyo a la investigación. De un total de 115 hospitales posibles han participado 86 (74,8 %), y destaca la participación de los grandes hospitales de referencia. Entre los resultados positivos obtenidos llama la atención un porcentaje significativo de neonatólogos con el grado de doctor (17,4 %), una elevada afiliación a la SEN (74,7 %), un deseo unánime realizar investigación (100 %) y la existencia generalizada de epidemiólogos (100 %), unidades de apoyo (85 %) y comités de ética en los hospitales (100 %). Los aspectos negativos son la escasez de medios económicos para el inicio de una primera investigación (74 %), la ausencia de tiempo protegido aun con proyectos concedidos (86 %) y la falta de relación con otros grupos de investigadores básicos o clínicos (43 %). En relación con la producción científica, la mayor parte de las comunicaciones y artículos se restringen al ámbito nacional, y sólo pequeños grupos consolidados publican asiduamente en revistas de impacto internacionales. La formación de grupos multihospitalarios, la existencia de bases de datos (SEN 1500) y reuniones mixtas básicas y clínicas y otras medidas que se sugieren pueden ayudar a mejorar la situación de la investigación en el ámbito de la neonatología. Los resultados de esta encuesta fueron presentados en el Congreso de Medicina Perinatal celebrado en Las Palmas (noviembre de 2005)


Research is an essential activity in neonatology. Following the recommendation of the Spanish Neonatal Society (SEN), a questionnaire on the state of research activity was sent to all Spanish neonatal divisions belonging to all public and private institutions with structured neonatal activity. The following items were included: (i) clinical level of the units; (ii) academic degrees and professional qualifications of the staff members; (iii) characteristics of the scientific activity performed, and (iv) financial and technical aid supporting research. Of a total of 115 eligible hospitals, 86 hospitals (74.8 %), including most of the referral centers, participated in the survey. Notable among the positive results were the findings that a significant number of neonatologists have doctoral degrees (17.4 %), are active members of the SEN (74.9 %), and wish to participate in scientific research (100 %). In addition, the presence of epidemiologists (100 %), research support units (85 %) and ethical committees (93 %) in the hospitals is widespread. Negative aspects include the lack of a specific budget to initiate research (74 %), lack of protected time even with research grants (86 %), and lack of interrelation with other groups of basic or clinical researchers (43 %). Analysis of scientific production revealed that most of the abstracts presented are restricted to Spanish national meetings, and only a small number of consolidated groups publish regularly in peer-reviewed international journals with impact factor. Measures that could help to improve the current situation are the formation of multi-hospital groups, participation in comprehensive databases (SEN 1500), and joint meetings for basic and clinical scientists, among others. The results of this survey were presented at the Congress of Perinatal Medicine held in Las Palmas (November, 2005)


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/estatística & dados numéricos , Neonatologia , Bibliometria , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Sociedades Médicas , Apoio Financeiro , Espanha
8.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 65(8): 381-387, sept. 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056249

RESUMO

Introducción: El gran aumento en la utilización de diversos tipos de instrumentación obstétrica durante la extracción fetal, así como del número de cesáreas, es un tema muy controvertido en la actualidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar la relación entre diferentes tipos de instrumentación y la incidencia de traumatismos obstétricos específicos. Población y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles, realizado sobre una muestra de estudio de 103 recién nacidos, en los que como diagnóstico al alta figuró alguno de los relacionados con traumatismos perinatales: cefalohematoma, hemorragia subaponeurótica, subaracnoidea, epidural, subdural, parenquimatosa, fractura de clavícula y parálisis braquial. Resultados: El vacuum fue el instrumento más utilizado, y constituyó un factor de riesgo respecto a la cesárea en la producción de cefalohematomas, hemorragias subgaleales, subaracnoideas, subdurales y fracturas de clavícula. Discusión: El vacuum es, en números absolutos, el instrumento que se asocia a un mayor número de traumatismos. El alto porcentaje de traumatismos con el vacuum podría estar relacionado con el elevado número de inducciones que terminan en vacuextracción, lo que hace suponer que la modalidad de parto (espontáneo frente a inducido) es un factor esencial, asociado a la morbilidad del expulsivo; pero hay otros factores significativos además de las inducciones, como el tipo de campana usada durante la vacuextracción, el peso fetal, la anestesia epidural y la maniobra de Kristeller


Introduction: The marked increase in the use of diverse types of obstetric instrumentation during fetal delivery, as well as in the number of cesarean sections, is currently a highly controversial topic. The objective of this report is to assess the relationship between different types of instruments and the incidence of specific obstetric injuries. Population and methods: Study of cases and controls, carried out in a study sample of 103 newborns with a discharge diagnosis of perinatal trauma, such as cephalhematoma, subgaleal hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, clavicular fracture and brachial plexus injuries. Results: The vacuum extractor was the most widely used instrument, and is considered to be a risk factor with respect to cesarean section in the provocation of cephalhematoma, subgaleal hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage and clavicular fracture. Discussion: The vacuum extractor is also, in absolute numbers, the instrument associated with a greater number of traumas. The high percentage of traumas produced with the vacuum extractor could be related to the high number of inductions that end in vacuum extraction. This fact suggests that the modality of delivery (spontaneous versus induced) is an essential factor, associated with perinatal morbidity, but that there are other important factors besides induction, including the type of cup used during vacuum extraction, fetal weight, epidural anesthesia and Kristeller’s maneuver


Assuntos
Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Humanos , Traumatismos do Nascimento/epidemiologia , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Parto Obstétrico/efeitos adversos , Morbidade , Vácuo-Extração/efeitos adversos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Inquéritos de Morbidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
11.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 64(6): 276-282, jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049968

RESUMO

El quilotórax se define como la acumulación de linfa en el espacio pleural. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo durante un periodo de 14 años, en el que encontramos 15 casos de quilotórax neonatal: 6 congénitos y 9 posquirúrgicos. En los casos congénitos hubo dos casos de hydrops y uno se asoció a feblectasia congénita. Los posquirúrgicos fueron 4 tras cirugía cardiovascular y 5 tras cirugía de reparación de hernias diafragmáticas. La evolución fue buena en los 15 pacientes, con resolución del quilotórax. Todos los casos congénitos fueron diagnosticados prenatalmente mediante ecografía fetal, precisando todos reanimación profunda y/o ventifación mecánica tras el nacimiento. El diagnóstico fue confirmado mediante análisis del líquido pleural. El tratamiento inicial fue conservador en todos los casos, con drenaje del líquido pleural y soporte respiratorio, cardiovascular, hemodinámico y nutricional. Este tratamiento fue efectivo en el 80% de los casos, precisando cirugía sólo 3 quilotórax posquirúrgicos. No hemos encontrado diferencias significativas respecto a los volúmenes drenadas, los días de ventilación mecánica, los días de nutrición parenteral total, la duración del quilotórax y el porcentaje de complicaciones entre los casos congénitos y los posquirúrgicos. En el caso de los congénitos, es importante el diagnóstico prenatal para planificar una reanimación neonatal adecuada. Tras la revisión actual, proponemos un algoritmo de manejo de esta compleja patología


Chylothoraxis defined as an effusion of lymphin to the pleural cavity. In a retrospective study covering a 14-year period, we found 15 cases of chylothorax occurring during the neonatal period: 6 congenital and 9 postoperative. Congenital chylothorax was associated with hydrops in two cases and with congenital phlebectasia in one case. Postoperative chylothorax occurred after cardiovascula surgery in tour cases and after surgical repair of diaphragmatic hernia in five. The clinical outcome was good in all the patients. Congenital chylothorax was diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound, and mechanical ventilation was required after birth in every case. The diagnosis was confírmed by the analysis of the pleural fluid. Initial treatment was conservative, with continuous or intermittent drainage of chyle and respiratory, cardiovascular, hemodynamic and nutritional support, which was effective in 80% of the cases. Three patients with postoperative chylothorax required surgery for resolution. We have observed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of volume of Lymph drained, days on mechanical ventilation, days with total parenteral nutrition, duration of chylothorax or complications. Prenatal diagnosis is important for planning neonatal resuscitation. We propase an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of this complex entity


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Quilotórax/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Quilotórax/congênito , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Doença Iatrogênica , Drenagem , Derrame Pleural/etiologia
17.
An Esp Pediatr ; 32(1): 41-8, 1990 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2327664

RESUMO

The present article deals, firstly with the analysis of the classic evaluation procedures for assessing the pregraduate medical students employed in our University, and their negative influence upon the results obtained in the studying procedures as well as in the degree of acquaintance. A new model, previously assayed in other universities and named objective structured clinical examination, which combines the assessing of the theoretical and practical knowledge, is proposed. Its peculiarities are explained, as well as its advantages and disadvantages; we also suggest the way of starting its application considering the features of the educational system ruling our University.


Assuntos
Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Pediatria/educação , Estudantes de Medicina , Competência Clínica , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina , Espanha
18.
An Esp Pediatr ; 28(3): 241-5, 1988 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3377344

RESUMO

Authors have studied: calcemia, bone ashes calcium content and bone turnover by histofluorescence in 44 Wistar female adult rats. Control group (A) received for 21 days (equivalent to pregnancy) a normocalcemic diet, and group B an hypocalcemic diet. Both received demethyl-chlortetracycline intra-peritoneally at the beginning and end of the experience. Fetuses were fully calcinated and ash weight and calcium content determined. Group B shows a significative decrease in calcemia (F = 284.66, p less than 0.01), bone ash calcium content (F = 47.2, p less than 0.01) and an increase in endosteal bone resorption (F = 32.89, p less than 0.01), while bone formation including synthesis of bone matrix and calcium deposition is diminished (total bone formation, F = 20.0, p less than 0.01). No significative differences have been found among rats of the same group for the fact of being pregnant. No differences have been detected among fetuses of both groups. Fetuses seem to act as parasites and authors support a possible explanation for neonatal hypocalcemia.


Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Cálcio da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Cálcio/deficiência , Prenhez/metabolismo , Animais , Osso e Ossos/embriologia , Cálcio/análise , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/metabolismo , Feto/análise , Hipocalcemia/metabolismo , Troca Materno-Fetal , Osteogênese , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos
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